Panchang · Gochar
Gochar 1993: when each graha changes sign
In 1993, Shani moves into Kumbha on 5 Mar; Guru moves into Tula on 12 Oct; Shani moves into Makara on 15 Oct; Shani moves into Kumbha on 9 Nov. Below is every sign change, station and asta period of the nine grahas.
The grahas on 1 January 1993
Sidereal (Lahiri) sign, and from when to when. Open a graha for its whole year.
- Surya (Sun)In Dhanusince 15 Dec 1992, until 14 Jan 1993
- Chandra (Moon)In Meenasince 30 Dec 1992, until 2 Jan 1993
- Mangala (Mars)RetrogradeIn Mithunasince 22 Dec 1992, until 14 Apr 1993
- Budha (Mercury)In Dhanusince 29 Dec 1992, until 17 Jan 1993
- Guru (Jupiter)In Kanyasince 11 Sep 1992, until 12 Oct 1993
- Shukra (Venus)In Kumbhasince 29 Dec 1992, until 27 Jan 1993
- Shani (Saturn)In Makarasince 14 Dec 1990, until 5 Mar 1993
- RahuIn Vrishchikasince 30 Oct 1992, until 19 May 1994
- KetuIn Vrishabhasince 30 Oct 1992, until 19 May 1994
Gochar calendar for 1993
Times in IST. Each is the same instant everywhere on Earth. The Moon changes sign every two and a half days, so its list is on its own page.
Sign changeRetrograde / directAsta / rising
January 1993
14 Jan3:43 am
Surya enters Makara
17 Jan10:11 pm
Budha enters Makara
24 Jan3:27 am
Shani becomes combust (asta) until 26 Feb†
27 Jan1:04 am
Shukra enters Meena
29 Jan4:21 am
Guru turns retrograde at 20°56′ Kanya
February 1993
4 Feb9:44 am
Budha enters Kumbha
11 Feb8:51 pm
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
12 Feb4:43 pm
Surya enters Kumbha
15 Feb1:17 pm
Mangala turns direct at 14°55′ Mithuna
25 Feb7:14 pm
Budha enters Meena
26 Feb6:33 pm
Shani rises again (asta ends)†
28 Feb4:23 am
Budha turns retrograde at 0°28′ Meena
March 1993
2 Mar1:43 pm
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 15 Mar†
2 Mar2:10 pm
Budha enters Kumbha (moving backward)
5 Mar4:39 pm
Shani enters Kumbha
11 Mar2:56 pm
Shukra turns retrograde at 26°16′ Meena
14 Mar1:39 pm
Surya enters Meena
15 Mar4:24 pm
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
22 Mar7:14 pm
Budha turns direct at 16°32′ Kumbha
27 Mar6:54 pm
Shukra becomes combust (asta) until 6 Apr†
April 1993
6 Apr6:50 pm
Shukra rises again (asta ends)†
11 Apr12:24 am
Budha enters Meena
13 Apr10:12 pm
Surya enters Mesha
14 Apr11:44 am
Mangala enters Karka
22 Apr7:44 pm
Shukra turns direct at 9°59′ Meena
30 Apr6:53 pm
Budha enters Mesha
May 1993
3 May1:31 pm
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 28 May†
14 May7:06 pm
Surya enters Vrishabha
15 May3:52 pm
Budha enters Vrishabha
28 May11:26 am
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
29 May10:53 pm
Budha enters Mithuna
30 May4:29 pm
Shukra enters Mesha
June 1993
1 Jun6:57 am
Guru turns direct at 11°00′ Kanya
10 Jun10:24 am
Shani turns retrograde at 6°34′ Kumbha
12 Jun2:04 pm
Mangala enters Simha
15 Jun1:43 am
Surya enters Mithuna
20 Jun8:53 pm
Budha enters Karka
30 Jun9:37 am
Shukra enters Vrishabha
July 1993
1 Jul8:57 pm
Budha turns retrograde at 4°30′ Karka
7 Jul10:27 am
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 23 Jul†
13 Jul11:04 am
Budha enters Mithuna (moving backward)
16 Jul12:33 pm
Surya enters Karka
23 Jul12:46 pm
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
26 Jul2:20 am
Budha turns direct at 24°23′ Mithuna
27 Jul4:40 pm
Shukra enters Mithuna
August 1993
2 Aug6:42 am
Mangala enters Kanya
5 Aug2:56 pm
Budha enters Karka
15 Aug1:33 pm
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 15 Sep†
16 Aug8:54 pm
Surya enters Simha
22 Aug2:45 pm
Shukra enters Karka
23 Aug9:47 am
Budha enters Simha
September 1993
8 Sep2:32 am
Budha enters Kanya
15 Sep3:48 pm
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
16 Sep4:41 pm
Shukra enters Simha
16 Sep8:46 pm
Surya enters Kanya
18 Sep12:18 am
Mangala enters Tula
26 Sep8:42 pm
Budha enters Tula
October 1993
4 Oct10:04 am
Guru becomes combust (asta) until 1 Nov†
11 Oct4:48 am
Shukra enters Kanya
12 Oct5:34 pm
Guru enters Tula
15 Oct9:05 pm
Shani enters Makara (moving backward)
17 Oct8:39 am
Surya enters Tula
26 Oct4:09 am
Budha turns retrograde at 28°44′ Tula
27 Oct7:01 am
Mangala becomes combust (asta) until 9 Mar†
28 Oct9:41 am
Shani turns direct at 29°52′ Makara
31 Oct4:58 pm
Mangala enters Vrishchika
31 Oct7:35 pm
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 12 Nov†
November 1993
1 Nov6:15 pm
Guru rises again (asta ends)†
4 Nov7:59 am
Shukra enters Tula
9 Nov8:18 pm
Shani enters Kumbha
12 Nov4:19 am
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
15 Nov11:09 am
Budha turns direct at 12°46′ Tula
16 Nov8:24 am
Surya enters Vrishchika
28 Nov6:22 am
Shukra enters Vrishchika
December 1993
3 Dec1:03 am
Budha enters Vrishchika
6 Dec3:16 pm
Shukra becomes combust (asta) until 27 Feb†
9 Dec4:38 am
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 25 Jan†
11 Dec10:34 pm
Mangala enters Dhanu
15 Dec11:02 pm
Surya enters Dhanu
22 Dec2:48 am
Shukra enters Dhanu
22 Dec6:43 pm
Budha enters Dhanu
† Practice varies. Texts and almanacs give slightly different asta limits, and some almanacs use the true rather than the mean node for Rahu and Ketu, which can move the nodes’ sign changes by some weeks.
See also: Transits over your chart · Gochar (glossary) · Sade Sati · Ayanamsa · Sankranti
Understand
What gochar is
Gochar means the movement of the grahas: each moves on through the zodiac, and when it crosses from one rasi into the next, that is its sign change (sankramana). This page only says which graha is where, and when. In the classical method gochar is read by counting from a person’s natal Moon sign; to see today’s sky against your own chart, open the transits tool.
Retrograde (vakri) and direct (margi)
Seen from the Earth, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn now and then appear to move backward for a while. That is retrograde motion; the instant the graha stops and turns is a station, and moving forward again is turning direct. It is an effect of the Earth and the planet moving on their orbits at different speeds. The Sun and Moon are never retrograde; Rahu and Ketu (mean) always move backward.
Combustion (asta)
A graha very close to the Sun is lost in its glare; the texts call it asta (set), and its reappearance udaya (rising). The Surya Siddhanta gives a distance limit for each graha. The limits used here: Mangala 17°, Budha 14° (12° when retrograde), Guru 11°, Shukra 10° (8° when retrograde), Shani 15°. Almanacs leave out the asta periods of Guru and Shukra when choosing times for samskaras such as weddings.
Sidereal signs
Indian almanacs count the rasis against the stars (nirayana). Western (tropical) signs run about 24° ahead, so the dates printed there are about three weeks earlier than these. The ayanamsa used here is Lahiri.
How this is calculated
Each graha’s apparent geocentric position from NASA JPL’s DE421 ephemeris, less the Lahiri ayanamsa. The instants of crossing a rasi edge, of zero speed and of reaching the asta limit are found by bisection to under a second. Small differences in ayanamsa can move a slow graha’s time (Shani above all) by a few hours against other almanacs.
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