Panchang · Gochar
Gochar 1998: when each graha changes sign
In 1998, Guru moves into Kumbha on 8 Jan; Shani moves into Mesha on 17 Apr; Guru moves into Meena on 26 May; Guru moves into Kumbha on 10 Sep. Below is every sign change, station and asta period of the nine grahas.
Times in Pokhara (Asia/Kathmandu, UTC+5:45).
The grahas on 1 January 1998
Sidereal (Lahiri) sign, and from when to when. Open a graha for its whole year.
- Surya (Sun)In Dhanusince 16 Dec 1997, until 14 Jan 1998
- Chandra (Moon)In Makarasince 31 Dec 1997, until 2 Jan 1998
- Mangala (Mars)In Makarasince 10 Dec 1997, until 17 Jan 1998
- Budha (Mercury)In Vrishchikasince 18 Dec 1997, until 7 Jan 1998
- Guru (Jupiter)In Makarasince 26 Dec 1996, until 8 Jan 1998
- Shukra (Venus)RetrogradeIn Makarasince 2 Dec 1997, until 20 Jan 1998
- Shani (Saturn)In Meenasince 16 Feb 1996, until 17 Apr 1998
- RahuIn Simhasince 24 Jun 1997, until 11 Jan 1999
- KetuIn Kumbhasince 24 Jun 1997, until 11 Jan 1999
Gochar calendar for 1998
Times in Pokhara (Asia/Kathmandu, UTC+5:45). Each is the same instant everywhere on Earth. The Moon changes sign every two and a half days, so its list is on its own page.
Sign changeRetrograde / directAsta / rising
January 1998
7 Jan1:52 pm
Budha enters Dhanu
8 Jan3:47 pm
Guru enters Kumbha
11 Jan6:29 pm
Shukra becomes combust (asta) until 21 Jan†
14 Jan10:57 am
Surya enters Makara
17 Jan7:22 pm
Mangala enters Kumbha
20 Jan12:08 pm
Shukra enters Dhanu (moving backward)
21 Jan3:57 pm
Shukra rises again (asta ends)†
29 Jan9:07 pm
Budha enters Makara
February 1998
2 Feb2:26 am
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 10 Mar†
6 Feb3:12 am
Shukra turns direct at 24°38′ Dhanu
9 Feb7:28 am
Guru becomes combust (asta) until 10 Mar†
12 Feb11:55 pm
Surya enters Kumbha
17 Feb5:12 am
Budha enters Kumbha
23 Feb1:25 pm
Shukra enters Makara
24 Feb11:32 pm
Mangala enters Meena
March 1998
1 Mar12:10 am
Mangala becomes combust (asta) until 16 Jul†
5 Mar7:36 am
Budha enters Meena
10 Mar12:33 am
Guru rises again (asta ends)†
10 Mar12:05 pm
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
14 Mar8:46 pm
Surya enters Meena
27 Mar6:28 am
Shani becomes combust (asta) until 1 May†
28 Mar1:26 am
Budha turns retrograde at 27°40′ Meena
30 Mar7:58 am
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 13 Apr†
31 Mar10:42 am
Shukra enters Kumbha
April 1998
5 Apr1:27 am
Mangala enters Mesha
13 Apr11:59 pm
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
14 Apr5:15 am
Surya enters Mesha
17 Apr12:59 pm
Shani enters Mesha
20 Apr1:16 pm
Budha turns direct at 15°58′ Meena
28 Apr12:41 pm
Shukra enters Meena
May 1998
1 May9:05 am
Shani rises again (asta ends)†
10 May4:35 pm
Budha enters Mesha
15 May2:07 am
Surya enters Vrishabha
15 May6:35 pm
Mangala enters Vrishabha
24 May9:40 pm
Shukra enters Mesha
26 May4:15 am
Guru enters Meena
29 May7:51 am
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 22 Jun†
29 May11:35 am
Budha enters Vrishabha
June 1998
12 Jun3:07 pm
Budha enters Mithuna
15 Jun8:43 am
Surya enters Mithuna
19 Jun1:07 pm
Shukra enters Vrishabha
22 Jun5:22 pm
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
27 Jun1:08 pm
Mangala enters Mithuna
27 Jun2:01 pm
Budha enters Karka
July 1998
14 Jul5:51 pm
Shukra enters Mithuna
16 Jul7:36 pm
Surya enters Karka
16 Jul10:22 pm
Mangala rises again (asta ends)†
18 Jul7:16 am
Guru turns retrograde at 4°14′ Meena
20 Jul2:27 pm
Budha enters Simha
31 Jul8:12 am
Budha turns retrograde at 4°26′ Simha
August 1998
7 Aug4:37 am
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 21 Aug†
8 Aug1:38 pm
Shukra enters Karka
10 Aug6:02 pm
Budha enters Karka (moving backward)
11 Aug12:37 pm
Mangala enters Karka
16 Aug12:22 am
Shani turns retrograde at 9°47′ Mesha
17 Aug4:01 am
Surya enters Simha
21 Aug7:39 pm
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
24 Aug4:20 am
Budha turns direct at 22°08′ Karka
September 1998
2 Sep1:15 am
Shukra enters Simha
4 Sep6:10 am
Budha enters Simha
10 Sep12:01 am
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 16 Oct†
10 Sep11:44 am
Guru enters Kumbha (moving backward)
17 Sep3:58 am
Surya enters Kanya
21 Sep7:41 am
Budha enters Kanya
22 Sep1:59 am
Shukra becomes combust (asta) until 9 Dec†
26 Sep6:13 am
Shukra enters Kanya
27 Sep5:54 pm
Mangala enters Simha
October 1998
8 Oct12:06 pm
Budha enters Tula
16 Oct10:35 pm
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
17 Oct3:56 pm
Surya enters Tula
20 Oct6:45 am
Shukra enters Tula
28 Oct8:57 am
Budha enters Vrishchika
November 1998
13 Nov5:02 am
Shukra enters Vrishchika
13 Nov7:03 pm
Guru turns direct at 24°19′ Kumbha
16 Nov3:47 pm
Surya enters Vrishchika
16 Nov7:41 pm
Mangala enters Kanya
21 Nov5:30 pm
Budha turns retrograde at 23°43′ Vrishchika
26 Nov9:47 am
Budha becomes combust (asta) until 7 Dec†
December 1998
7 Dec2:30 am
Shukra enters Dhanu
7 Dec9:53 am
Budha rises again (asta ends)†
9 Dec11:00 pm
Shukra rises again (asta ends)†
11 Dec12:14 pm
Budha turns direct at 7°28′ Vrishchika
16 Dec6:28 am
Surya enters Dhanu
29 Dec9:59 pm
Shani turns direct at 2°56′ Mesha
31 Dec12:11 am
Shukra enters Makara
† Practice varies. Texts and almanacs give slightly different asta limits, and some almanacs use the true rather than the mean node for Rahu and Ketu, which can move the nodes’ sign changes by some weeks.
See also: Transits over your chart · Gochar (glossary) · Sade Sati · Ayanamsa · Sankranti
Understand
What gochar is
Gochar means the movement of the grahas: each moves on through the zodiac, and when it crosses from one rasi into the next, that is its sign change (sankramana). This page only says which graha is where, and when. In the classical method gochar is read by counting from a person’s natal Moon sign; to see today’s sky against your own chart, open the transits tool.
Retrograde (vakri) and direct (margi)
Seen from the Earth, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn now and then appear to move backward for a while. That is retrograde motion; the instant the graha stops and turns is a station, and moving forward again is turning direct. It is an effect of the Earth and the planet moving on their orbits at different speeds. The Sun and Moon are never retrograde; Rahu and Ketu (mean) always move backward.
Combustion (asta)
A graha very close to the Sun is lost in its glare; the texts call it asta (set), and its reappearance udaya (rising). The Surya Siddhanta gives a distance limit for each graha. The limits used here: Mangala 17°, Budha 14° (12° when retrograde), Guru 11°, Shukra 10° (8° when retrograde), Shani 15°. Almanacs leave out the asta periods of Guru and Shukra when choosing times for samskaras such as weddings.
Sidereal signs
Indian almanacs count the rasis against the stars (nirayana). Western (tropical) signs run about 24° ahead, so the dates printed there are about three weeks earlier than these. The ayanamsa used here is Lahiri.
How this is calculated
Each graha’s apparent geocentric position from NASA JPL’s DE421 ephemeris, less the Lahiri ayanamsa. The instants of crossing a rasi edge, of zero speed and of reaching the asta limit are found by bisection to under a second. Small differences in ayanamsa can move a slow graha’s time (Shani above all) by a few hours against other almanacs.
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